local export = {}
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("hi")
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Deva")
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local m_a = require("Module:accent qualifier")
local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")
local find = m_str_utils.find
local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint
local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch
local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub
local u = m_str_utils.char
local correspondences = {
["ṅ"] = "ŋ", ["g"] = "ɡ",
["c"] = "t͡ʃ", ["j"] = "d͡ʒ",
["ṭ"] = "ʈ", ["ḍ"] = "ɖ", ["ṇ"] = "ɳ",
["t"] = "t̪", ["d"] = "d̪",
["y"] = "j", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "ʋ",
["ś"] = "ʃ", ["ṣ"] = "ʂ", ["ź"] = "ʒ", ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["h"] = "ɦ",
["ṛ"] = "ɽ", ["ẓ"] = "ʒ", ["ḷ"] = "l", ["ḻ"] = "l", ["ġ"] = "ɣ", ["q"] = "q", ["x"] = "x", ["ṉ"] = "n", ["ṟ"] = "ɾ",
["a"] = "ə", ["ā"] = "ɑː", ["i"] = "ɪ",
["ī"] = "iː", ["o"] = "oː", ["e"] = "eː",
["u"] = "ʊ", ["ū"] = "uː", ["ŏ"] = "ɔ", ["ĕ"] = "æ",
["ẽ"] = "ẽː", ["ũ"] = "ʊ̃", ["õ"] = "õː", ["ã"] = "ə̃", ["ā̃"] = "ɑ̃ː", ["ĩ"] = "ɪ̃", ["ī̃"] = "ĩː",
["ॐ"] = "oːm", ["ḥ"] = "(ɦ)", ["'"] = "(ʔ)",
}
local perso_arabic = {
["x"] = "kh", ["ġ"] = "g", ["q"] = "k", ["ź"] = "z", ["z"] = "j", ["f"] = "ph", ["'"] = "",
}
local urdu = {
["ṣ"] = "ʃ", ["ṇ"] = "n",
}
local deccani = {
["q"] = "x",
}
local lengthen = {
["a"] = "ā", ["i"] = "ī", ["u"] = "ū",
}
local vowels = "aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃ː"
local vowel = "[aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃]ː?"
local weak_h = "([gjdḍbṛnm])h"
local aspirate = "([kctṭp])"
local syllabify_pattern = "([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)([^" .. vowels .. "%.%-]+)([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)"
local function find_consonants(text)
local current = ""
local cons = {}
for cc in gcodepoint(text .. " ") do
local ch = u(cc)
if find(current .. ch, "^[kgṅcjñṭḍṇtdnpbmyrlvśṣshqxġzžḻṛṟfθṉḥ]$") or find(current .. ch, "^[kgcjṭḍtdpbṛ]h$") then
current = current .. ch
else
table.insert(cons, current)
current = ch
end
end
return cons
end
local function syllabify(text)
for count = 1, 2 do
text = gsub(text, syllabify_pattern, function(a, b, c)
b_set = find_consonants(b)
table.insert(b_set, #b_set > 1 and 2 or 1, ".")
return a .. table.concat(b_set) .. c
end)
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(?=" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.")
end
for count = 1, 2 do
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.%2")
end
-- syllabification corrections
-- ([^.]) is added in front, just in case one of the (unlikely) clusters
-- would occur after a blank space (temporarily reformatted as '..')
text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([kqgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśzź])', '%1%2%3.%4')
text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([qgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)ṣ', '%1%2%3.ṣ')
text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.khṣ', '%1kh.ṣ') -- not kṣ/क्ष
text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([xġfnɳmzźyrlv])([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3')
text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([sśṣ])([gjḍdbġsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3')
return text
end
local identical = "knlsfzθ"
for character in gmatch(identical, ".") do
correspondences[character] = character
end
local function transliterate(text)
return (lang:transliterate(text))
end
function export.link(term)
return require("Module:links").full_link{ term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }
end
function export.toIPA(text, style)
text = gsub(text, '॰', '-')
local translit = text
if lang:findBestScript(text):isTransliterated() then
translit = transliterate(text)
end
if not translit then
error('The term "' .. text .. '" could not be transliterated.')
end
if style == "nonpersianized" then
translit = gsub(translit, "[xġqźzf']", perso_arabic)
end
if style == "dakhini" then
translit = gsub(translit, "[q]", deccani)
end
-- force final schwa for Hindi
translit = gsub(translit, "a~$", "ə")
if style == "desanskritanize" then
translit = gsub(translit, "(...)ə$", "%1ɑ(ː)")
translit = gsub(translit, "[ṣṇ]", urdu)
end
-- vowels
translit = gsub(translit, "͠", "̃")
translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)i', 'ɛ%1ː')
translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)u', 'ɔ%1ː')
translit = gsub(translit, "%-$", "")
translit = gsub(translit, "^%-", "")
translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ$", "r")
translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ(" .. vowel .. ")", "r%1")
translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ", "ri")
translit = gsub(translit, 'jñ', 'gy')
translit = gsub(translit, ",", "")
translit = gsub(translit, " ", "..")
translit = syllabify(translit)
translit = gsub(translit, "%.ː", "ː.")
translit = gsub(translit, "%.̃", "̃")
translit = gsub(translit, aspirate .. "h", '%1ʰ')
translit = gsub(translit, weak_h, '%1ʱ')
local result = gsub(translit, ".", correspondences)
-- remove final schwa (Pandey, 2014)
-- actually weaken
result = gsub(result, "(...)ə$", "%1ᵊ")
result = gsub(result, "(...)ə ", "%1ᵊ ")
result = gsub(result, "(...)ə%.?%-", "%1ᵊ-")
-- formatting
result = gsub(result, "%.?%-", ".")
result = gsub(result, "%.%.", " ")
result = gsub(result, "ː̃", "̃ː")
result = gsub(result, "ː%.̃", "̃ː.")
result = gsub(result, "%.$", "")
-- ñ
result = gsub(result, "ñ", "n")
-- i and u lengthening
result = gsub(result, "ʊ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "u%1ː%2")
result = gsub(result, "ɪ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "i%1ː%2")
-- deaffricate first affricate in geminates
result = gsub(result, "t͡ʃ(%.?)t͡ʃ", "t̪%1t͡ʃ")
result = gsub(result, "d͡ʒ(%.?)d͡ʒ", "d̪%1d͡ʒ")
-- silent h in 'lh-', 'vh-' (Ohala 1983, p.45)
result = gsub(result, "^([lʋ])ɦ", "%1")
result = gsub(result, "([ .])([lʋ])ɦ", "%1%2")
result = gsub(result, "ɛː(%.?)j", function(a)
local res = "ə̯i"
res = res .. a .. "j"
return res
end)
result = gsub(result, "ɔː(%.?)ʋ", function(a)
local res = "ə̯u"
res = res .. a .. "ʋ"
return res
end)
return result
end
function export.narrow_IPA(ipa)
-- what /ɑ/ and /ə/ really are
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɑ', 'ä')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ə', 'ɐ')
-- uvular /x/, /ɣ/ ??
-- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'x', 'χ')
-- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɣ', 'ʁ')
-- retroflex s rules
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ(%.?)([^ʈɖ.])', 'ʃ%1%2')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ$', 'ʃ')
-- nasal allophones
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ŋ(%.?)([qχʁ])', 'ɴ%1%2')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n%.j', 'ɲ.j')
ipa = gsub(ipa, '[nɳ](%.?)ʃ', 'ɲ%1ʃ') -- this nasal is likely more front than before /j/, but not doing a too narrow transcription seems preferable
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n(%.?)([td])̪', 'n̪%1%2̪')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'm(%.?)f', 'ɱ%1f')
-- nasals induce nasalization
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(ː?)([nɳɲŋɴmɱ])', '%1̃%2%3')
-- cc, jj
ipa = gsub(ipa, 't̪(%.?)t͡ʃ', 't̚%1t͡ʃ')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'd̪(%.?)d͡ʒ', 'd̚%1d͡ʒ')
-- syllable boundary consonants
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡ])%.([kɡ])', '%1̚.%2')
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ʈɖ])%.([ʈɖ])', '%1̚.%2')
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([td]̪?)%.([tdn])', '%1̚.%2')
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([pb])%.([pb])', '%1̚.%2')
-- aspiration rules
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ([%. ])', 'ɛɦ%1')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ$', 'ɛɦ')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦɐ', 'ɛ.ɦɛ')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%(ɦ%)', 'ɛ(ɦ)')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊɦ%.', 'ɔɦ.')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊ%.ɦɐ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ')
ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦʊ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ')
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(̃?)(ː?)ɦ', '%1%2%3ʱ')
-- v/w
ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡŋtdɲʈɖɳnpbm]̪?%.?)ʋ', '%1w')
-- geminate /ɾ/ is trill
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾ%.ɾ", "r.r")
-- for onomatopeic words ending on -र्र
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾɾ", "rː")
-- final geminates often pronounced as singletons
ipa = gsub(ipa, "kk", "k(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɡɡ", "ɡ(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ʈʈ", "ʈ(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɖɖ", "ɖ(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɳɳ", "ɳ(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "t̪t̪", "t̪(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "d̪d̪", "d̪(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "nn", "n(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "pp", "p(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "bb", "b(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "mm", "m(ː)")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ll", "l(ː)")
-- final cc, jj
ipa = gsub(ipa, "t̚t͡ʃ", "(t̚)t͡ʃ")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "d̚d͡ʒ", "(d̚)d͡ʒ")
ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɪ%.j", "i.j")
ipa = gsub(ipa, " ", "‿")
return ipa
end
function export.make(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local pagetitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
local p, results = {}, {}, {}
if args[1] then
for index, item in ipairs(args) do
table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil)
end
else
p = { pagetitle }
end
for _, Hindi in ipairs(p) do
local persianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "persianized")
local nonpersianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "nonpersianized")
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. persianized .. "/" })
local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(persianized)
if narrow ~= persianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end
if persianized ~= nonpersianized then
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. nonpersianized .. "/" })
local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(nonpersianized)
if narrow ~= nonpersianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end
end
end
return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"Delhi"}) .. " " .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
function export.make_ur(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local pagetitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur")
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("ur-Arab")
local p, results = {}, {}, {}
if args[1] then
for index, item in ipairs(args) do
table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil)
end
else
error("No transliterations given.")
end
for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do
local desanskritanize = export.toIPA(Urdu, "desanskritanize")
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. desanskritanize .. "/" })
end
return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"ur"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
function export.make_deccani(frame)
local args = frame:getParent().args
local pagetitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur")
local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("ur-Arab")
local p, results = {}, {}, {}
if args[1] then
for index, item in ipairs(args) do
table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil)
end
else
error("No transliterations given.")
end
for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do
local dakhini = export.toIPA(Urdu, "dakhini")
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. dakhini .. "/" })
end
return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"Deccani"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results }
end
return export
