-- Based on [[Module:es-pronunc]] by Benwing2.
-- Adaptation by TagaSanPedroAko. Some code based on [[Module:ast-IPA]].
local export = {}
local pron_utilities_module = "Module:pron utilities"
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ilo")
local u = require("Module:string/char")
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde = ̃
local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈
local vowel = "aeëiouɯ" -- vowel
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local W = "[jw]" -- glide
local accent = AC .. GR .. CFLEX
local accent_c = "[" .. accent .. "]"
local stress_c = "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]"
local ipa_stress = "ˈˌ"
local ipa_stress_c = "[" .. ipa_stress .. "]"
local separator = accent .. ipa_stress .. "# ."
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({ --feel free to add more unstressed words
"ti", "si", "ni", -- case markers
"ket", -- conjunctions
"Dios", -- monosyllabic nouns
"de", "del" --particles in Spanish-derived surnames
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ĵ, ɟ and ć are used internally to represent [d͡ʒ], [j] and [t͡ʃ]
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
text = ulower(text)
-- decompose everything but ë, ñ and ü
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, "." .. "[" .. TILDE .. DIA .. "]", {
["e" .. DIA] = "ë",
["n" .. TILDE] = "ñ",
["u" .. TILDE] = "ü",
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[!?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. [[ti]], [[ket]], [[si]], [[nga]], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words[word] then
-- add CFLEX to the last vowel not the first one
-- adding the CFLEX after the 'u'
words[i] = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. CFLEX)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "[!?']", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
-- Add glottal stop for words starting with vowel
text = rsub(text, "([#])([aëeiou])", "%1ʔ%2")
--determining whether "y" or "w" is a consonant or a vowel
text = rsub(text, "y(" .. V .. ")", "ɟ%1") -- not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "y#", "i")
text = rsub(text, "w(" .. V .. ")","w%1")
text = rsub(text, "w#","u")
-- handle certain combinations; ch ng and sh handling needs to go first
text = rsub(text, "ch", "ts") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "ng", "ŋ")
text = rsub(text, "sh", "ʃ")
--x
text = rsub(text, "x", "ks")
--c, g, q
text = rsub(text, "c([ie])", "s%1")
text = rsub(text, "gu(" .. V .. ")", "ɡw%1")
text = rsub(text, "qu([ieë])", "k%1")
text = rsub(text, "ü", "u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "[cgjñrvyz7]",
--["g"]="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
{ ["c"] = "k", ["f"] = "p", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["j"] = "ĵ", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["q"] = "k", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "b", ["y"] = "ɟ", ["z"] = "s", ["7"] = "ʔ" })
-- trill in rr (as in [[serrek]])
text = rsub(text, "ɾɾ", "r")
-- ë
text = rsub(text, "ë", "ɯ")
-- ts
text = rsub(text, "ts", "ĉ") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "n([# .]*[bpm])", "m%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
--syllable division
local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = "j", ["o"] = "w", ["u"] = "w" }
-- i, o and u between vowels -> j and w. Usually in proper nouns (e.g. [[Agcaoili]])
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)([iou])(" .. V .. ")",
function(v1, iou, v2)
return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iou] .. v2
end
)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeo or stressed iu.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "i(" .. accent_c .. "*)i", "i%1.i")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "u(" .. accent_c .. "*)u", "u%1.u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "i([aeouɯ])", "j%1")
text = rsub(text, "u([aeioɯ])", "w%1")
table.insert(debug, text)
local accent_to_stress_mark = { [AC] = "ˈ", [GR] = "ˌ", [CFLEX] = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including ^ indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
return accent_to_stress_mark[accent] .. pre .. post
end
)
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress.
if #syllables > 1 and rfind(word, "[^aeëioubcdfghjklmnŋñpqɾrstvwxzɡɯĉɟĵ#]#") or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, "[aeëiouɯ]") then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables > 1 then
syllables[#syllables - 1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables - 1]
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
-- accentuation
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Reconstruct the word.
words[j] = table.concat(syllables, phonetic and "." or "")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
text = rsub(text, "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
--make all primary stresses but the last one be secondary
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ˈ(.+)ˈ", "ˌ%1ˈ")
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonemic diphthongs
text = rsub(text,"([aeouɯ])i","%1j")
text = rsub(text,"([aeio])u","%1w")
table.insert(debug,text)
--add temporary macron for /a/, /i/ and /u/ in stressed syllables so they don't get replaced by unstressed form
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]?)([ʔbĉćdfɡhjĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([jlnɾt]?)a([bdfɡiklmnŋpɾstu]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4ā%5%6")
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonemic diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "([āaeouɯ])([ɟj])", "%1ɪ̯")
text = rsub(text, "([āaeio])w", "%1ʊ̯")
--Unstressed /a/ to [ɐ]
text = rsub(text,"a","ɐ")
table.insert(debug, text)
text = rsub(text,"d([ˈˌ]?)j","%1d͡ʒ") --/d/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"l([ˈˌ]?)j","%1ʎ") -- /l/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ]?)k","ŋ%1k") -- /n/ before /k/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ]?)ɡ","ŋ%1ɡ") -- /n/ before /ɡ/ (some proper nouns and loanwords)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])h","ŋ%1h") -- /n/ before /h/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])m","m%1m") -- /n/ before /m/
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])j","%1ɲ") -- /n/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"s([ˈˌ.])j","%1ʃ") -- /s/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"t([ˈˌ.])j","%1ĉ") -- /t/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.#])d([j])([aɐeiouɯ])","%1ĵ%3") -- /dj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.#])l([j])([aɐeiouɯ])","%1ʎ%3") -- /lj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.#])n([j])([aɐeiouɯ])","%1ɲ%3") -- /nj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.#])s([j])([aɐeiouɯ])","%1ʃ%3") -- /sj/ at syllable onset
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.#])t([j])([aɐeiouɯ])","%1ĉ%3") -- /tj/ at syllable onset
--final fix for phonetic diphthongs
text = rsub(text,"([ɐ])ɪ̯","aɪ̯") --ay
text = rsub(text,"([ɐ])ʊ̯","aʊ̯") --aw
table.insert(debug, text)
--Change [ɐ] back to /a/ at end of word
text = rsub(text,"([#.])([bdɡhklmnŋprɾsʃtwɟ])([lɾt]?)ɐ([bdɡhklmnŋpɾst]?)([#])","%1%2%3a%4%5")
--delete temporary macron in /a/, /i/ and /u/
text = rsub(text,"ā","a")
end
table.insert(debug, text)
--delete temporary macron in /a/
text = rsub(text,"ā","a")
-- convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
["ĉ"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = {
["ĉ"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[ĉɟĵ]", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "[ĉɟĵ]", final_conversions)
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
local function respelling_to_IPA(data)
return ("/%s/ [%s]"):format(export.IPA(data.respelling, false), export.IPA(data.respelling, true))
end
function export.show(frame)
local parent_args = frame:getParent().args
return require(pron_utilities_module).format_prons {
lang = lang,
respelling_to_IPA = respelling_to_IPA,
raw_args = parent_args,
track_module = "ilo-pron",
}
end
return export
