local export = {}
local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("tl")
local u = mw.ustring.char
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́
local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀
local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂
local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde = ̃
local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈
local MACRON = u(0x0304) -- macron
local vowel = "aeiouàèìòù" -- vowel
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]"
local accent = AC .. GR .. CFLEX .. MACRON
local accent_c = "[" .. accent .. "]"
local stress_c = "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]"
local ipa_stress = "ˈˌ"
local ipa_stress_c = "[" .. ipa_stress .. "]"
local separator = accent .. ipa_stress .. "# ."
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant
local unstressed_words = require("Module:table").listToSet({
"ang", "sa", "nang", "si", "ni", "kay", -- case markers. "Nang" here is for written "ng", but can also work with nang as in the contraction na'ng and the conjunction "nang"
"ko", "mo", "ka", --single-syllable personal pronouns
"na",-- linker, also temporal particle
"daw", "pa", -- particles
"di7", "de7", -- negation words
"may", -- single-syllable existential
"pag", "kung", -- subordinating conjunctions
"at", "o", -- coordinating conjunctions
"hay", -- interjections
"de", "del" -- in some Spanish-derived terms and names
})
-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval
end
-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
return retval, nsubs > 0
end
-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
while true do
local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
if new_term == term then
return term
end
term = new_term
end
end
-- ĵ, ɟ and ć are used internally to represent [d͡ʒ], [j] and [t͡ʃ]
--
function export.IPA(text, phonetic)
local debug = {}
text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
-- decompose everything but ñ and ü
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
text = rsub(text, "." .. "[" .. TILDE .. DIA .. GR .."]", {
["a" .. GR] = "à",
["e" .. GR] = "è",
["i" .. GR] = "ì",
["o" .. GR] = "ò",
["u" .. GR] = "ù",
["n" .. TILDE] = "ñ",
["u" .. TILDE] = "ü",
})
-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[!?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
local function canon_spaces(text)
text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
text = rsub(text, " $", "")
return text
end
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- Make prefixes unstressed unless they have an explicit stress marker; also make certain
-- monosyllabic words (e.g. [[ang]], [[ng]], [[si]], [[na]], etc.) without stress marks be
-- unstressed.
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for i, word in ipairs(words) do
if rfind(word, "%-$") and not rfind(word, accent_c) or unstressed_words[word] then
-- add macron to the last vowel not the first one
-- adding the macron after the 'u'
words[i] = rsub(word, "^(.*" .. V .. ")", "%1" .. MACRON)
end
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- Convert hyphens to spaces
text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
text = canon_spaces(text)
-- now eliminate punctuation
text = rsub(text, "[!?']", "")
-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
table.insert(debug, text)
-- Add glottal stop for words starting with vowel
text = rsub(text, "([#])([aeiou])", "%1ʔ%2")
--determining whether "y" is a consonant or a vowel
text = rsub(text, "y(" .. V .. ")", "ɟ%1") -- not the real sound
text = rsub(text,"y([ˈˌ]?)([bdɡjklmnprstw7])","i%1%2")
text = rsub(text, "y#", "i")
text = rsub(text, "w(" .. V .. ")","w%1")
text = rsub(text,"w([ˈˌ]?)([bdɡjklmnprstw7])","u%1%2")
text = rsub(text, "w#","u")
-- handle certain combinations; ch ng and sh handling needs to go first
text = rsub(text, "ch", "ts") --not the real sound
text = rsub(text, "ng", "ŋ")
text = rsub(text, "sh", "ʃ")
--x
text = rsub(text, "x", "ks")
--c, gü/gu+e or i, q
text = rsub(text, "c([ie])", "s%1")
text = rsub(text, "gü([ie])", "ɡw%1")
text = rsub(text, "gu([ie])", "ɡ%1")
text = rsub(text, "qu([ie])", "k%1")
text = rsub(text, "ü", "u")
table.insert(debug, text)
--alphabet-to-phoneme
text = rsub(text, "[cgjñqrvz7]",
--["g"]="ɡ": U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G → U+0261 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G
{ ["c"] = "k", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["j"] = "ĵ", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["q"] = "k", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "b", ["z"] = "s", ["7"] = "ʔ"})
-- trill in rr
text = rsub(text, "ɾɾ", "r")
-- ts
text = rsub(text, "ts", "ĉ") --not the real sound
table.insert(debug, text)
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. accent_c .. "*" .. C .. "+)(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
-- Any aeo, or stressed iu, should be syllabically divided from a following aeo or stressed iu.
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeo]" .. accent_c .. "*)(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")([aeo])", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iu]" .. stress_c .. ")(" .. V .. stress_c .. ")", "%1.%2")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "i(" .. accent_c .. "*)i", "i%1.i")
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "u(" .. accent_c .. "*)u", "u%1.u")
table.insert(debug, text)
local accent_to_stress_mark = { [AC] = "ˈ", [CFLEX] = "ˈʔ", [MACRON] = "" }
local function accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Now stress the word. If any accent exists in the word (including macron indicating an unaccented word),
-- put the stress mark(s) at the beginning of the indicated syllable(s). Otherwise, apply the default
-- stress rule.
if rfind(word, accent_c) then
for i = 1, #syllables do
syllables[i] = rsub(syllables[i], "^(.*)(" .. accent_c .. ")(.*)$",
function(pre, accent, post)
return accent_to_stress_mark[accent] .. pre .. post
end
)
end
else
-- Default stress rule. Words without vowels (e.g. IPA foot boundaries) don't get stress.
if #syllables > 1 and rfind(word, "[^aeiouàèìòùʔbcĉdfɡghjɟĵklmnñŋpqrstvwxz#]#") or #syllables == 1 and rfind(word, "[aeiouàèìòù]") then
syllables[#syllables] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables]
elseif #syllables > 1 then
syllables[#syllables - 1] = "ˈ" .. syllables[#syllables - 1]
end
end
end
local words = rsplit(text, " ")
for j, word in ipairs(words) do
-- accentuation
local syllables = rsplit(word, "%.")
accent_word(word, syllables)
-- Reconstruct the word.
words[j] = table.concat(syllables, phonetic and "." or "")
end
text = table.concat(words, " ")
-- suppress syllable mark before IPA stress indicator
text = rsub(text, "%.(" .. ipa_stress_c .. ")", "%1")
--make all primary stresses but the last one be secondary
text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ˈ(.+)ˈ", "ˌ%1ˈ")
table.insert(debug,text)
--correct final glottal stop placement
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])ʔ([ʔbĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw])([aeiou])","%1%2%3ʔ")
--vowels with grave to vowel+glottal stop
text = rsub(text,"à","aʔ")
text = rsub(text,"è","eʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ì","iʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ò","oʔ")
text = rsub(text,"ù","uʔ")
table.insert(debug,text)
--remove "ɟ" and "w" inserted on vowel pair starting with "i" and "u"
text = rsub(text,"([i])([ˈˌ]?)ɟ([aeou])","%1%2%3")
text = rsub(text,"([u])([ˈˌ]?)w([aei])","%1%2%3")
table.insert(debug,text)
--add temporary macron for /a/, /i/ and /u/ in stressed syllables so they don't get replaced by unstressed form
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]?)([ʔbĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([lnɾt]?)a([ʔbdfɡiklmnŋpɾstu]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4ā%5%6")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]?)([ʔbĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([lnɾt]?)i([ʔbdfɡklmnŋpɾstu]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4ī%5%6")
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ])([#]?)([ʔbĉćdfɡhĵɟklmnŋɲpɾrsʃtw]?)([lnɾt]?)u([ʔbdfɡiklmnŋpɾst]?)([bdɡklmnpɾst]?)","%1%2%3%4ū%5%6")
table.insert(debug, text)
--Corrections for diphthongs
text = rsub(text,"([aā])i","%1j") --ay
text = rsub(text,"([aā])u","%1w") --aw
text = rsub(text,"([e])i","%1y") --ey
text = rsub(text,"([iī])u","%1w") --iw
text = rsub(text,"([o])i","%1j") --oy
text = rsub(text,"([o])u","%1w") --ow
text = rsub(text,"([uū])i","%1j") --uy (mostly in proper nouns)
table.insert(debug, text)
--phonetic transcription
if phonetic then
table.insert(debug, text)
--Turn phonemic diphthongs to phonetic diphthongs
text = rsub(text, "([aāeouū])j", "%1ɪ̯")
text = rsub(text, "([aāeiīo])w", "%1ʊ̯")
table.insert(debug, text)
--change a, i, u to unstressed equivalents (certain forms to restore)
text = rsub(text,"a","ɐ")
text = rsub(text,"i","ɪ")
text = rsub(text,"u","ʊ")
table.insert(debug, text)
--Combine consonants (except H) followed by I/U and certain stressed vowels
text = rsub(text,"([bkdɡlmnpɾst])ɪ([ˈˌ])([āeoū])","%2%1ɟ%3")
text = rsub(text,"([bkdɡlmnpɾst])ʊ([ˈˌ])([āeīo])","%2%1w%3")
table.insert(debug, text)
text = rsub(text, "([nŋ])([#.]*[bfpm])", "m%2")
text = rsub(text,"([ɐāeɪɪ̯īoʊʊ̯ū])([#]?)([ ]?)([ˈˌ#.])([k])([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1%2%3%4x%6") -- /k/ between vowels
text = rsub(text,"([ɐāeɪɪ̯īoʊʊ̯ū])([ˈˌ.])ɡ([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1%2ɣ%3") -- /ɡ/ between vowels
text = rsub(text,"d([ˈˌ.])ɟ","%1ĵ") --/d/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])k","ŋ%1k") -- /n/ before /k/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])ɡ","ŋ%1ɡ") -- /n/ before /ɡ/ (some proper nouns and loanwords)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])h","ŋ%1h") -- /n/ before /h/ (some proper nouns)
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])m","m%1m") -- /n/ before /m/
text = rsub(text,"n([ˈˌ.])ɟ","%1ɲ") -- /n/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"s([ˈˌ.])ɟ","%1ʃ") -- /s/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"t([ˈˌ.])ɟ","%1ĉ") -- /t/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"t([ˈˌ.])s","%1ć") -- /t/ before /j/
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])d([ɟj])([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1ĵ%3") -- /dj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])n([ɟj])([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1ɲ%3") -- /nj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])s([ɟj])([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1ʃ%3") -- /sj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([ˈˌ.])t([ɟj])([ɐāeɪīoʊū])","%1ĉ%3") -- /tj/ before any vowel following stress
text = rsub(text,"([oʊ])([m])([ˈ]?)([pb])","u%2%3%4") -- /o/ and /ʊ/ before /mb/ or /mp/
--final fix for phonetic diphthongs
text = rsub(text,"([ɐ])ɪ̯","aɪ̯") --ay
text = rsub(text,"([ɐ])ʊ̯","aʊ̯") --aw
text = rsub(text,"([ɪ])ʊ̯","iʊ̯") --iw
table.insert(debug, text)
--delete temporary macron in /a/, /i/ and /u/
text = rsub(text,"ā","a")
text = rsub(text,"ī","i")
text = rsub(text,"ū","u")
end
table.insert(debug, text)
--delete temporary macron in /a/, /i/ and /u/
text = rsub(text,"ā","a")
text = rsub(text,"ī","i")
text = rsub(text,"ū","u")
-- convert fake symbols to real ones
local final_conversions = {
["ĉ"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
local final_conversions_phonetic = {
["ĉ"] = "t͡ʃ", -- fake "ch" to real "ch"
["ć"] = "t͡s", -- fake "t.s" to real "t.s"
["ɟ"] = "j", -- fake "y" to real "y"
["ĵ"] = "d͡ʒ" -- fake "j" to real "j"
}
if phonetic then
text = rsub(text, "[ĉćɟĵ]", final_conversions_phonetic)
end
text = rsub(text, "[ĉɟĵ]", final_conversions)
-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
text = rsub(text, "#", "")
return mw.ustring.toNFC(text)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
[1] = {},
["pre"] = {},
["bullets"] = {type = "number", default = 1},
}
local parargs = frame:getParent().args
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
local results = {}
local text = args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text
table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. export.IPA(text, false) .. "/" })
table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. export.IPA(text, true) .. "]" })
local pre = args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
return "* " .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full(lang, results)
end
return export
